Infosys enters IT Training?

It is reported that Infosys is entering IT education segment with plans to spin off its Mysore campus into a training arm. Lets look at the possible reasons for Infosys to take this step

• Infy cannot afford to keep thousands of people in training so the campus, which it had inaugurated only a few years back with much fanfare, is underutilized and is looking at the skies for much of the time. 
• Infy wants to monetize its real estate holdings 
• Convert a cost centre into a profit centre 
• Does not want to lay off training staff, which might be a PR disaster, so has got made them masters of their own fate 
• Infosys really believes that training segment is a real money spinner (
• Perhaps it was inspired by an ex Infosys employee who now heads an education company in the neighborhood or maybe it wants to get back at him for deserting infy a few years back

Whatever be the reason, it actually could be positive for players such as NIIT and Aptech for the following reasons 

• Some people, who had written off IT training market, would take note and start believing there is a future still 
• Improves the image of the Indian education sector which has been punished due to corporate governance issues at some prominent listed companies ultimately benefiting those who have a better image 

The Cobra bites again!

All the companies that were punished for poor corporate governance must be laughing today as India's cream of financial sector giants, many of whom manage funds, brokerages, equity research houses that championed better governance in public and indulged in malpractices on the side, were exposed today by Cobra Post.

I am surprised today by inclusion of Tata AIG in the list. I guess more pained than surprised. I used to work at at Tata Company before and prided in the fact that Tata's were above this malaise. But before we pass judgement, we must look inside. We will discover that we are all a little dishonest, but like to believe, at most times, that we are honest and are better than the rest. We cook up stories, hang on to anecdotes of our honesty and overemphasize others' dishonesty.

S&P CROSSES 1600

S&P crossed 1600 levels for the first time ever in early trade today.  Stocks opened strong on news of faster than forecast jobs addition in April. 

Quick Question: Is US pressuring India with new visa proposals?

Are the new norms proposed for temporary worker visas directed at Indian IT companies, part of pressure tactics by United States to get more concessions for US companies from India? 

Yes

• US is indeed pressuring India to open up more sectors including insurance
• India is encouraging more exports and accelerating reforms to encourage exports as it wants to reduce CAD
• Unemployment amongst tech workers is low in the US, so why the high rhetoric on tech worker visas 
• ....

No

• Overall unemployment in US is still high 
• .....

HCL to get impacted by delayed joining dates of freshers?

HCL has been deferring joining dates of freshers, it hired at various campuses across the country. Some of these offers were made as far back as august-september - 2011. With no sign of joining letters students have taken to protests to press for joining. Now what can students do. Its tough these days for freshers to get hired. Rationally they should be be reskillling/upskilling themselves to get a better shot at being hired. But no one or atleast many do not want to pay for training and keep living in hope that they will get hired and trained by companies. Its a chicken and egg problem.

"Short Term Gain, Long Term Pain"

Anyways, HCL did it to make sure that its utilization rates improve and that it can show improved margins. Afterall growth is slow for the industry (although HCL is doing better than most). Over the last few quarters, HCL has surprised the street with higher profits riding on margin improvement and its share price has increased. However, they miss out on one important point. At some point HCL would need to hire freshers, to improve its cost pyramid. However, if I am an excellent student, the kind that HCL would want to hire, I would be wary of appearing for interview because I do not know if HCL would honor its offer letter. What stops its from deferring joining dates again. I would not be surprised if many campuses, especially the good ones, shut their gates to HCL this year. 

What prevents this bad karma spilling over to lateral hiring market. People would start demanding a premium to join HCL as it would increasingly be seen as not being friendly to new hires. 

This from a company that says 'employees first'. What message do HCL's customers get from this regarding management's integrity? 

What's good in the short term, may turn out bad for them in the long run? Anyone who's done DCF knows that for companies a large proportion of value comes from the long term. Will the new management at HCL wake up and do something to prevent value deterioration. 

Effect of this is already being felt in the stock market by HCL in the last few days. Despite tremendous improvement in profits (up 70%) this year, HCL stock is down over 10%. They are trading at a less than 12 times profit/share run-rate  

India Higher Education Statistics - Part 2

A . Enrollment by Mode of Delivery

1.  In Class  - 46,430 institutions  - with total enrollments of 21.7 million
2. 197 institutions provide distance education - total enrollments of 4.2 million


B . Enrollment by level of Study

1. Graduate (undergrad)  - 16.2 million
2. Post Graduate  - 2.2 million
3. Phd Degree - 0.1
4. Diploma - 3.3

India Higher Education Statistics - Part One

The following data is for 2012

1. Number of universities  - 659
2. Number of colleges  - 33023
3. In addition there are 12,758 institutions categorized as Diploma granting institutions
3. Total Students Enrolled in Higher Education - 25.9 million (implies Gross Enrollment Ratio  of ~18%)


Of the total 46430 institutions, almost 64% is Privately owned and account for almost 59% of all enrollments


Source: 12th Five Year Plan, UGC

Educomp Selling Its Stake In IndiaCan to Pearson?

There is rumor of Educomp selling its stake in its 50:50 JV with Pearson. IndiaCan has been losing money hand over fist, ever since the investment. In the first 9 months for FY13, it reported revenues of Rs 83 Cr with EBIT loss of 34 Cr. In my view, the JV was doomed from the beginning but more on that later. 

In current state, any money that Educomp would get for its stake in this venture would be more than welcome, especially since Educomp is reeling under piles of debt (over 2000 Cr as of December 31, 2012) . 

In reality, Pearson should be asking money from Educomp to take over this stake in IndiaCan. Year over year, the revenues have almost doubled but losses have remained almost as much  (loss of 34 Cr in 9MFY13 vs loss of 42 Cr for 9MFY12), which means that even on marginal basis, the company is hardly making any money.  Sale of stake by Educomp's is not going to magically start delivering profits. 

If Pearson wants to enter training business in India, it would do well to look at other companies (even listed ones) which are available at very attractive valuations, and while profits are depressed for them at this stage due to slow hiring across sectors, at least some of them have shown that with volume recovery, their business model can deliver large profits. 

There was no 2G/Coal Scam?

Telecom ministry's primary objective is to increase the penetration of telecommunication services in the country. If we start with that motive, all the talk of a scam of selling national resources at low values to telecom companies starts to appear to be on a weak wicket.

Now, there is a possibility that money had changed hands to favor certain parties over the other which should be investigated. However, what is unfortunate is that CAG (implicity) wants the government to act as profit/revenue maximiser and not worry about what it means to the public.

I believe the national auditor is committing a mistake, and it is rather, ironical that while the national sentiment derides companies for making excessive profits, even if they are good corporate citizens and at the same time calls the Government's policies which try not to increase revenues, but seeks to improve the reach and to reduce the cost of services to its citizens as being scams.

In reality, government's role should be to act as a catalyst for growth and not to act like a monopolist and extract maximum revenue for every service or resource it allows to be used its constituents.

Similar argument applies to the what has come to be known as the Coalgate Scam. How can a nation which cries about lack of power and electricity accuse policy makes for allocating fuel supplies to power generators    when the government owned monopoly provider is unable to fulfill that demand.

Lets all step back and try to see the bigger picture. This is not a defense for corruption which must be condemned. However, we must be careful to not throw out the baby with the bath water.

Satyamev Jayate - Organic Food

Satyamev Jayate took on an important issue today, which affects us everyday without us realizing the ill effects that it causes to our health. Our food has been poisoned by excessive use of pesticides and harmful chemicals. You can watch the episode here (Toxic Food -  Poison on our plate). To know more about the effects of pesticides on our health, which include cancer, increases risk of neurological defects such as Parkinson's disease, causes congenital defects in children, affects fertility in males etc.  Please read the Wikipedia article here

Fortunately there are companies providing healthy, organic food options right at our doorstep. For example there is an company providing Organic Food right inside your office cafeterias, that too at reasonable prices. Companies such as American Express, GE, HSBC  etc provide organic meals at their office campuses in Gurgaon and Hyderabad. The food is catered by Organic Express, a two year old venture, started by alums of ISB and IIM. Organic Express currently provides organic food in over 15 locations in Hyderabad and Gurgaon. More details on Organic Express, which uses the highest percentage (>70%) of organic content in their meals, in India and perhaps in the world, can be found on their Facebook page. 


The latest episode was very pertinent and hope this sparks an organic food revolution in India. Happy Eating!!

CCI Imposes 6000Cr Penalty On Cement Manufacturers!

Kudos! CCI found some gumption and imposed a heavy fine on 11 cement companies, which they found guilty of collusion and cartel-ization . However what is ironic is that this was done on the basis of a complaint by builders association. Wonder who will investigate the cartel among the builders themselves. Despite severe cash crunch faced by these builders and leverage to support land banks, the real estate prices go up every month, like clock work. 

The eleven cement manufacturers, on whom the penalty has been imposed, are ACC, Ambuja Cements Limited, Ultratech Cements, Grasim Cements now merged with Ultratech Cements, JK Cements, India Cements, Madras Cements, Century Cements,   Binani Cements, Lafarge India and Jaypee Cements.

Educomp's FCCB Repayment Could Trigger 200+ Cr Loss

Educomp announced today that it had tied up loans of $155 million to repay its FCCBs that are coming up for redemption and also for further capex. In addition, it also announced that it had further raised 10 million in FCCBs from IFC and dilute further equity of up to $50 million and Rs 149.5. Would also allot additional equity ($15 Mn) and warrants ($40 million) on a preferential basis to promoters at a price of Rs 193. Which is at a premium to current market price.  The shares are today trading 9% up at Rs 149 on the back of this news.

There is a surprise waiting for Educomp's investors in Q1/Q2 in the form of a loss of almost $32 million dollars of redemption premium on FCCBs, that they had (it appears) not amortized over the duration of the FCCBs + further loss of about Rs 50-60 Cr on unamortized component of MTM loss on 78.5 million dollars of FCCBs that were outstanding for a total loss of over Rs 200 Cr.

What may comfort the investors is the share allocation at a premium to FIIs (at Rs 149) and the proposed allotment to promoters at Rs 193 (equity and warrants) . However the loss in Q1 or Q2 (depending on when the FCCBs are repaid, would offset these notional gains from allocation at premium.

RBI: When In Doubt Pout! And Why They Are Wrong?

RBI today left its key policy rates (Repo / Reverse Repo) and CRR unchanged. While the announced policy is consistent with the strong noise it has been making on keeping inflation rate in check, and given that headline inflation level rose in May, the move was not entirely unexpected.

That said, I do not entirely agree with this policy. In it own words current inflation is due to supply constraints and not necessarily demand driven. Food and Fuel are driving inflation in the mix. Interest rates only have a marginal impact on demand for fuel especially the one that we import. The non-import variety (electricity, coal) need encouragement and support in the form of lower interest rates to keep prices low with higher production

Food inflation, which perhaps is the most sensitive matter, needs improved infrastructure, greater farm equipment etc to fuel growth. By keeping interest rates high the RBI will  likely achieve the opposite.

Core inflation is anyway on a downtrend should have signaled RBI to reduce policy rates. 

S&P Threatens To Junk India's Credit Rating?

“Slowing GDP growth and political roadblocks to economic policymaking could put India at a risk of losing its investment-grade rating which is just one notch above speculative-grade and carries a negative outlook,” said S&P primary credit analysts Takahira Ogawa and Joydeep Mukherji. S&P had earlier in the year downgraded India's credit rating, from stable to negative. Markets in India fell after the release of this note. 


It is however interesting that, S&P had last year downgraded United States as well. However investors had given it (S&P) a thumbs down, by pushing up American stocks (US stocks are up 30% from the lows seen last year), further denting their credibility, which was anyways low.  S&P, we must remember, played a key role in the economic bust of 2008, as its credit analysts (as well as those from other credit rating firms) had wrongly labeled  the junk credit default swaps as being rated AAA (Tripple A) , the highest rating denoting the instruments were risk free, leading to massive blow up for several investors including banks that relied on their rating. 


What is shameful and ironic for the firm further is that this comes a day after Spain, which S&P rates a couple of notches above India, sought 100 billion Euro bail out. Which raises the questions as to why is S&P so quick to denounce India's economic prospects and is willing to go soft on other nations? What is interesting is that post the downgrade in the US,  the head of S&P (who, interesting of Indian origin) was made to step down due to external pressure. 


That said, there are problems that India must focus on and improve governance and pick up pace of reforms to win back investor conference that seems to be dwindling by the day. These investors were not waiting for S&P to tell them that. 
.

CAG Report: COALGATE was an April Fools Prank

CAG today came out with a note its COALGate Report was an April Fools prank, and that it had succeeded in making a fool out of all Indians (well almost all...). It also clarified that media was their hand in gloves partner. CAG chief thanked the Indian media in helping them play out this prank on Indians and on foreign investors.

Meanwhile, a high ranking minister, in the government who had not yet read this report challenged the CAG chief to sell the coal block at 50% of the alleged loss, adding that there are basic and fundamental errors in the report.

Hexaware Deal: Why is Citi reducing outsourcing to the company?

As follow up to my earlier post on "Why Hexaware sale may not happen" (at least not in a hurry) it seems we must add one more reason. Citi which is probably the biggest client of Hexaware is, rumored to be reducing outsourcing to Hexaware creating further nervousness in the minds of the investors/potential buyers.  As a result the stock has been underperforming the market in the last 3-4 days.

However, it would be interesting if the news is true, as it was earlier rumored that Hexaware (or atleast the PE investors) in Hexaware had awarded the sell mandate to Citi. However, later the contract was given to two other MNC investment banks (CS and MS).  Not sure if there is a link between the two, but this could potentially be the reason why there is sudden talk of Citi consolidating spending away from Hexaware.

Elections Results: Analysis

While analysts have been quick to write off the Congress Party and believe that Congress party has weakened, I believe the election results are positive for the Congress, if you look at the big picture (especially from the view of the central government).  Remember the elections were held in the backdrop of

1. Massively televised scams (read 2G, Commonwealth etc) which generated huge public sentiment against Congress
2. Baba Ramdev movement against black money
3. Anna Hazare movement against corruption

In light of all this, one would have completely written off the Congress party. However, they improved their tally in UP, gained seats in Uttrakhand, in Punjab and retailed Manipur with improved results, versus last elections.  Even more importantly BJP, its sole competitor at the center lost ground every place (except in Goa). The fact that BJP failed to capitalize on worst ever sentiments against the Congress Party is huge plus for the Congress party and its government at the center. Although it also means that coalition politics would continue to take center stage even at national level. Congress would do well to utilize the next two years to push governance especially in education and in healthcare.

Hexaware Sale. Why I think its not happening?

Why I think Hexaware may not get sold soon?

I think that any buy out deal on Hexaware is going to be difficult, and my reason is simple. Its peers, NIIT Technologies, Zensar, Infotech Enterprises each of which have comparable (if not higher revenues than Hexaware) are trading at less than half the valuation of Hexaware. Take NIIT Technologies for example. NIIT, like Hexaware, is focussed on niche verticals (BFSI, Travel), has been growing really well and had large deal wins announced during last year, stellar and stable margins over the past several quarters and rea venue runrate higher than Hexaware, is trading at market cap of less than 1500 Crore. While at today's market price, hexaware is close to 3500 Crore.

Any financial or strategic buyer looking to consolidate will look at this and simply baulk at the valuation gap, making the deal severly unlikely. Unless, the promoters and existing funds invested in Hexaware agree to sell at a discount to market price which is unthinkable and never done especially in India.

Why should the Vodafone Tax Ruling by Supreme Court be cheered

The Vodafone verdict has been welcomed by the industry. But there is a section of people who have raised flags and see this in a negative light. For me the argument is simple. Consider the following:

1. The government allows deduction of investments of up to Rs 1 lac (One Hundred Thousand) to an individual from one’s taxable income, under section 80C. Thereby providing you a perfectly legal way to avoid paying tax on Rs 1 lac. 
2. This is fantastic. Government is encouraging you to invest therefore you make investments eligible under this scheme and spent this 30 thousand you saved on taxes (lower TDS) during the year. 
3. However, next fiscal when you filed your return, the tax man comes knocking on your door and says that the scheme is retrospectively withdrawn, as this was avoidance of tax on 1 lac of income, and avoidance of taxes is to be discouraged. 
4. How would you feel about this? Is the government justified in doing this?

This is the problem with retrospective changes. Vodafone (and Hutch) made investments though a perfectly legal and allowed way to invest in telecom sector in India. The tax department wants to retrospectively change this and tax these investments. Well frankly they were not even changing the written law.

The Supreme Court has called it correctly. If India wants to be taken seriously, we atleast have to honor our written laws. We have to make the laws clear and transparent and cannot leave them open to interpretation. Invite people in and then trap them. No one likes uncertainty. The judgement is a welcome relief and upholds the letter of the law and is rightly being cheered by the industry.

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